Back to news
13 Jun 2017 | Atmosphere Initiative

Studying the Contribution of Indoor Emissions to Outdoor Air Quality

Particles of emissions produced by cook stoves are deposited on kitchen walls and ceilings, turning them black over time. This is a common sight in many villages in Nepal. This observation led a team supervised by Siva Praveen Puppala, an Atmosphere Initiative scientist at the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) to conduct a study to better understand the contribution of indoor emissions to outdoor atmosphere. “Generally, when conducting studies, cook stoves are taken to a lab and their emissions measured directly. It is assumed that the emissions generated are released into the atmosphere when in truth some particles are trapped indoors,” says Puppala. He explains that the study intends to find out the amount or percentage of smoke that makes it out.

1 min Read

70% Complete
E-sampler at a village in Nepal. Photo: Parth Sarathi Mahapatra/ICIMOD

The team used two sets of instruments to measure particulate matter (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs). One was placed right next to a cook stove to measure the total emissions produced. The other set was installed at the most prominent smoke exit spot. “The most visible spots were selected to do the measurements,” confirms Sagar Adhikari, an emissions measurement research associate at ICIMOD.

The percentage of emissions going out into ambient air is calculated by deducting the amount of emissions existing the kitchen from the total emissions produced by the cook stove. Researchers collected samples from five houses in Gauthali, a village in Chitwan, for the study. All samples were of biomass fuel burning cook stoves.

2
3
1. Instruments installed next to a cook stove to measure emissions. Photo: Sagar Adhikary/ICIMOD 2. Measuring emissions escaping a house. Photo: Parth Sarathi Mahapatra/ICIMOD 3. Figure 1: Map showing the points where e-samplers were installed.

In addition, four e-samplers were installed in four different locations for 20 days (as shown in Figure 1). Two were installed at the village centres—in Simreni and Gauthali; and two at background locations—Baghmara and Chitrasen Community Forest. The background locations don’t have any emission sources and are away from human intervention. The Chitwan National Park Air Quality Observatory (CAQO) will also be considered one of the background sites for this study.

The measurements extracted from the background will later be deducted from the village measurements to calculate the contribution of village household level emissions to village ambient air quality. “The information generated from this study could help us understand the impact of household level emissions and background air pollution on villagers’ health. We will be able to calculate the percentage of risk that people are exposed to in a given area,” says Puppala. This study will extract both household and village level contributions to ambient air. Parth Sarathi Mahapatra and Alpha Thapa from ICIMOD’s Atmosphere Initiative were also involved in the study.

Stay current

Stay up to date on what’s happening around the HKH with our most recent publications and find out how you can help by subscribing to our mailing list.

Sign Up

Related content

Continue exploring this topic

6 May 2016 News
Promoting Bio-briquette in Pakistan

Mudassar ul Mulk is a bio-briquette expert trained by the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) and works in ...

24 Apr 2019 Gender
ICIMOD Gender Lead participates in Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity and UN-Women’s Expert Workshop in New York

Considering the importance of integrating cross-cutting issues such as gender in global biodiversity conservation and development, the International Centre for ...

14 Jan 2015 News
Radio Interview: Climate Change and Adaptation in Nepal

In his interview, Dr Shrestha clarified at the outset that ICIMOD is an intergovernmental organization, governed by a Board of ...

Tourism beyond borders: Stakeholders discuss opportunities for cross-border tourism at the Fifth Asian Rural Tourism Festival

As the Government of Nepal launches its Visit Nepal 2020 campaign, communities in eastern Nepal will have an additional appeal ...

25 Apr 2016 News
A Landslide Report: Bringing Key Stakeholders Together to Reduce Nepal’s Landslide Disaster Risks

A year has now passed since the devastating earthquake in Nepal and it continues to struggle with enormous challenges of ...

29 Mar 2016 Gender in Koshi
Mainstreaming Gender and Livelihoods into Water Management

Linking livelihoods and gender issues in the Koshi river basin can improve water resource management, was the key message of ...

30 Sep 2019 HI-LIFE
Adopting a flagship species approach to conserve biodiversity and habitats in the Hindu Kush Himalaya

An international workshop on the conservation of flagship species and their habitats in the HKH region was held from 28 ...

29 Jul 2015 News
A practical lesson for Bhutanese farmers

As part of support for Rural Livelihoods and Climate Change Adaptation Programme (Himalica), a hands-on training on sustainable land management ...