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David James Molden & Pema Gyamtsho
4 mins Read
As the tenure of Director General of ICIMOD shifts from one set of hands to another, we have written this piece together, as we reflect together on an historic milestone day for ICIMOD which took place on October 15th. Ministers from our eight HKH countries came together and signed a declaration agreeing to work together for mountains. That Ministerial Declaration recognizes and supports the HKH Call to Action, a biennial Ministerial Mountain Summit and regular Science Policy Forums to formulate evidence- based programmes and policies for sustainable mountain development. This will lay the foundation for much stronger collaboration between countries to address climate change and achieve the SDGs, and to jointly work on a call for action.
This was a milestone day for ICIMOD in another way, as the role of Director General was passed to one of us, Pema Gyamtsho, from the other, David Molden, during the event. Both of us feel that ICIMOD has tremendous momentum moving forward, and this is like passing a baton at a high speed relay race. During David’s tenure of nine years, significant progress was made in understanding climate change, the dynamics of glaciers and snow, air, water, and a greater appreciation of the rich biodiversity, and importantly integrating the social, gender and economic dimensions of mountain people and environment. Significantly, ICIMOD has been working together to develop solutions to new and different sets of problems – in mountain farming, in biodiversity conservation, and in empowerment of women and other marginalized groups. A highlight of David’s tenure was the comprehensive process in developing the HKH Assessment report. This first of its kind assessment for the HKH region synthesized work of over 350 researchers and practitioners from the region and the globe. On this basis, we worked within all of the eight countries to develop the HKH Call to Action which forms the basis of the Ministerial Declaration.
Moving forward the very significant work in response to the Call to Action will require strong partnerships. It has been deeply encouraging to experience the support of our eight HKH countries to ICIMOD’s mission, and how our Board of Governors works together to set the direction for ICIMOD. The HKH Call to Action drafting and the Ministerial Mountain Summit itself are wonderful examples of the depth and breadth of support from government partners for in-country as well as regional work across borders. We estimate that we have about 300 staff, and also about 300 partners with whom we work. We co-develop solutions with many on the ground partners, and work with others to reach out to regional and global policy makers. We feel that one avenue for impact will be engaging the many strong networks where we build a collaborative voice locally, regionally and globally to take more coordinated and stronger action. Our development partners play a critical role in providing the needed resources to this necessary work. We would like to express our gratitude to our partners for the work we’ve done together.
We’ve been further inspired that our partnerships will provide the solidarity required for our collective work by the decision of our ICIMOD regional member countries at the most recent meeting of our Board of Governors to increase their contributions to the institution. Four countries have made commitments to increase this commitment while four others are at different stages of fulfilling government formalities, which is a good indicator of the country ownership which was also consolidated when the declaration was signed at the Ministerial Summit. This provides us with the confidence that we can take this HKH Call to Action forward.
Our partners should also feel confident in the institution since there is a competent team of professionals working within ICIMOD who not only represent different countries and cultures but share the same passion for mountain development and mountain people. The challenges are indeed great, but we are confident that we will be able to address the challenges. It will remain important to continue to focus on issues of climate change since temperature rise and climate change impacts are more pronounced in the mountains than anywhere else. This will require our concerted effort to work with our RMCs and with partners on mitigation and adaptation measures. We’ll need to pay particular attention to reduce risk of disasters like glacial lake outburst floods, but there are also issues impacting the changing water regimes in rivers. Snow melt may be contributing to increasing flows in the short term, but we need to consider sustainability into the future. We also need to focus on sharing of knowledge and experiences across the region in key areas of concern – food, water, and energy security for people living in mountains. We need to build on what has already been achieved to bring appropriate knowledge and technologies to help improve livelihoods.
As the senior leadership at ICIMOD shifts from one set of hands to another, we both feel that the institution can move from strength to strength as it takes up the critically important work of strengthening regional cooperation across this majestic and challenging region.
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近期的空气质量寿命指数(AQLI)报告标题为:“空气污染是地球上人类预期寿命面临的最大外部威胁”。这一严厉警告应该足以激励全球采取行动应对这一最严重且无处不在的威胁。然而,目前还没有专门针对这一“沉默杀手”的全球合作框架或公约。据世界卫生组织称,每年有 700 万人过早死亡与空气污染有关,这比迄今为止死于 Covid-19 的人数还多,而且根据该报告,空气污染对普通人的健康危害比吸烟或酗酒还大。为纪念今年国际清洁空气蓝天日,我紧急呼吁全球和地区领导人建立应对空气污染的全球合作框架。该框架应与解决“三重地球危机”的其中两个要素——气候变化和生物多样性丧失——的框架保持一致。 兴都库什-喜马拉雅地区受到的空气污染的严重影响,根源有很多,包括:机动车辆、工业、焚烧固体生物燃料、农作物秸秆和家庭废物。重要的是,这类受污染的空气并不是某个城市、地区或国家特有的,而是整个印度河-恒河平原和喜马拉雅山麓——横跨北印度次大陆和山脉的数十万平方公里的区域——所共有的。该地区空气中的悬浮颗粒经常超过安全水平,影响着居住在这里的大约十亿人。 正如联合国空气污染倡议所解释的,颗粒物是微小的污染颗粒,这些微小、肉眼看不见的颗粒污染物会深入我们的肺部、血液和身体。约三分之一的中风、慢性呼吸道疾病和肺癌死亡病例以及四分之一的心脏病死亡病例都因这些污染物造成。阳光下许多不同污染物相互作用产生的地面臭氧也是哮喘和慢性呼吸道疾病的原因之一。 美国芝加哥大学能源政策研究所发布的空气质量寿命指数报告显示:“如果污染水平将持续,孟加拉国、印度、尼泊尔和巴基斯坦的居民预计平均寿命会缩短约 5 年。” 报告继续指出,“亚洲和非洲负担最重,但缺乏关键基础设施”。尽管如此,我们还是有理由希望在我们的地区找到可能的解决方案,因为中国在空气污染防治的努力仍然取得了显着成功,而且工作仍在进行中。正如该报告所述,“自 2013 年(即中国开始“反污染之战”的前一年)以来,中国的污染已下降了 42.3%。由于这些改善,如果减排持续,中国公民的平均寿命预计会延长 2.2 年。”
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