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David James Molden
3 mins Read
Recognize and prioritize the uniqueness of HKH mountain people – this is what we have always sought to do through our work at ICIMOD – and I’m particularly thrilled that it has formalized into one of the Six Urgent Actions within our HKH Call to Action, which is our roll-out campaign for the HKH Assessment Report.
Our HKH region is extremely diverse in cultures, traditions, and livelihoods. There is an incredible tapestry of cultures, languages, practices, and ways of viewing the world that needs to be understood as we look to address some of today’s great challenges. But it’s not often that national, regional, and global decision making and policies take this into account. We believe that this needs to change and that we need to work together to bring to centre stage the uniqueness of people from the mountain regions. Without doing so, we cannot advance towards prosperity in the HKH.
Data from the HKH Assessment report shows that mountain communities across the HKH have lower than national average status in food security, energy security, health, education, and overall living standards while also having higher incidences of poverty and higher risk of disaster impact. Yes, to reduce these disparities, policy-making processes and adaptation plans need to focus on mountain areas, but we also need to tailor our programmes to the uniques context of mountain communities that differ from place to place.. Indigenous people from the HKH need full representation in decision-making at all levels in order to include their first-hand knowledge and address their challenges.
To help in defining the mountain agenda, we’re launching an HKH-wide awareness-to-action campaign “The HKH Calling,” The campaign is about listening to the mountains, mountain people and downstream populations and bringing larger societal awareness for collective actions to solve the problems of the region. This will evolve as a people’s movement to foster resilience building throughout the HKH. Using innovative processes and tools, HKH Calling will be a collective endeavour of multiple stakeholders including government, civil society, youth, academia, research and training institutions, schools/colleges, people’s representatives, community leaders, the private sector, media, regional organizations, and donor communities.
We plan to use this platform to share evidence, communicate the findings of the HKH Assessment Report, and foster collaborative actions from the ground up. This we believe will go a long way in spreading awareness about mountain cultures and their special character, needs, and significance.
Concurrently with the public awareness and action campaign, we’re also focusing on helping national governments and regional institutions to appreciate the benefits of trans-boundary cooperation. Ecosystems, climate change, disasters, pollution know no boundaries and beg solutions that are trans-boundary in nature. Thus without a common understanding and collective input and efforts, our chances of tackling current and future challenges are going to remain slim.
Thankfully, we’re already seeing some positives on this front. In late April our team visited India for a round of consultations on the HKH Call to Action where we were hosted by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) and Niti Aayog. The discussions were very positive indeed and the Government of India expressed their support and willingness to work towards the HKH Call to Action vision with other HKH countries. As we continue to visit other countries in the months to come, we’re hopeful that they too will express their support and acknowledge the unique realities and needs of mountain environments and people.
We need to collectively define the HKH mountain agenda with inputs from all stakeholders from the eight HKH countries and we can do this through the HKH Call to Action and the HKH Calling campaign. Please join us!
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山地被广泛认为是生物多样性的发源地,其陡峭的斜坡孕育了各种繁复的生命形式。这些地区作为自然的庇护所变得愈发重要:虽然它们只占据了地球总面积的四分之一,却容纳了地球上85%的两栖动物、鸟类和哺乳动物。这种丰富的自然资源在联合国教科文组织的738个全球生物圈保护区中得到体现,其中明显超过一半位于山区。 然而,令人担忧的是,这些自然资源的非凡丰富正面临威胁。过去,由于偏远或地形困难,山地得以免受人类干扰,但如今这种状况逐渐减少。曾经被视为大自然摇篮和避难所的山地正在逐渐转变成墓地。在兴都库什-喜马拉雅地区,上个世纪就已经失去了70%的生物多样性。这些损失,包括物种的灭绝,如今正以加速度增长,正如ICIMOD的重要评估报告《兴都库什喜马拉雅的水、冰、社会和生态系统》(简称《HIWISE报告》)所指出的那样。 在公众、政治和外交层面,人们越来越认识到自然是我们当前危机中最重要的解决方案之一。联合国已宣布2021-2030年为生态系统恢复十年,去年,《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》的指导下,全球100多个政府承诺在2030年之前将30%的陆地和海洋保留给自然,其中包括兴都库什-喜马拉雅地区。今年,在联合国全球气候大会COP28上,自然首次成为讨论的核心议题。 这些努力,以及今年国际山岳日的“生态系统恢复”主题,为恢复和保护山区景观提供了迫切需要的推动力。那么,我们的八个成员国离实现“30x30”目标有多近呢?到目前为止,不丹是唯一一个实际超额达标的国家,其51.4%的土地面积已经属于各种保护区类别。 尼泊尔只有不到24%的土地受到保护;中国仅为16%,略高于目标的一半;巴基斯坦占12%;印度为8%;缅甸为7%;孟加拉国为5%,阿富汗为4%。 令人担忧的是,在整个兴都库什-喜马拉雅地区,自然资源仍然丰富的关键区域仍处在保护之外:67%的生态区、39%的生物多样性热点、69%的关键生物多样性区域以及76%的重要鸟类和生物多样性区都没有得到保护。 现有的保护区域犹如在人类改变过的景观中的“孤岛”,缺乏与其他保护区域的连通走廊,无法满足广泛分布的物种需求,并且面临非法捕猎、侵占和资源开采的压力。现有的保护区域不足以确保成功保护我们地区的象征性物种,包括亚洲象、独角犀牛和孟加拉虎。 一个尚未尝试的解决方案是建立跨界生物圈保护区,这将允许在景观层面进行综合保护。实现这一目标需要跨越国家边界的共同政治承诺,并在共享生态系统的管理方面展开合作。ICIMOD将积极推动我们区域成员国接受这一解决方案。 然而,底线是,要扭转自然的损失,我们必须对其进行估值并提供相应的资金支持。只要经济学家继续将其价值定为零,就不会引起足够的重视。在进行估值之前,拥有大量自然资本但经济欠发达的国家将因为缺乏3A信用评级而难以以较低贷款利率借款。必须为该地区的国家提供更便宜的资本来促使自然的恢复:这是ICIMOD将与我们的成员、多边开发银行和其他机构紧急合作推进的事项。为了防止地球系统完全崩溃,我们必须为大自然提供一个适宜的生存环境,这一观点从未像现在这样显而易见。
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